2026年知到答案 Pharmacology 最新知到智慧树满分章节测试答案

第一章 单元测试

1、 问题:Which of the following is not included in the study of pharmacology? （ ）
选项：
A:drug effects
B:drug formulation
C:drug absorption
D:drug metabolism
E:mechanism of drug action
答案: 【
drug formulation
】

2、 问题:Which of the following statements is wrong? （ ）
选项：
A:drugs are usually chemicals
B:drugs are used to prevent diseases
C:drugs can regulate physiological processes of the body
D:drugs are used in physical therapy
E:drugs are used in chemotherapy
答案: 【
drugs are used in physical therapy
】

3、 问题:A more comprehensive description of “drug” is: （ ）
选项：
A:Is a chemical substance
B:Chemicals that can interfere with the metabolic activity of cells
C:Substances that affect the physiological functions of the body
D:Substances that is used to prevent and diagnose diseases and is harmless to the user
E:Substances with nourishing, nutrition, health care and rehabilitation
答案: 【
Substances that is used to prevent and diagnose diseases and is harmless to the user
】

4、 问题:Pharmacology is an important basic course which: （ ）
选项：
A:Elucidating the mechanisms of drug action
B:Improve drug quality and efficacy
C:It can provide experimental data and theoretical basis for the development of new drugs
D:To provide theoretical basis for guiding clinical rational drug use
E:Has the nature of bridge discipline
答案: 【
Elucidating the mechanisms of drug action
Improve drug quality and efficacy
It can provide experimental data and theoretical basis for the development of new drugs
To provide theoretical basis for guiding clinical rational drug use
Has the nature of bridge discipline
】

5、 问题:The main tasks of pharmacological research are: （ ）
选项：
A:Absorption of drugs
B:Distribution of the drug
C:Pharmacodynamics
D:Pharmacokinetics
E:Chemical structure modification
答案: 【
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics
】

6、 问题:Sources of new drugs include: （ ）
选项：
A:Natural medicines
B:Synthetic drugs
C:Gene recombination
D:Chemical structure modification
E:Purchased from a pharmacy
答案: 【
Natural medicines
Synthetic drugs
Gene recombination
Chemical structure modification
】

7、 问题:Following oral administration, a drug is absorbed into the body, wherein it can exert its action. For a drug given orally, the primary site of drug absorption is: （ ）
选项：
A:The esophagus
B:The stomach
C:The upper portion of the small intestine
D:The large intestine
E:All of the above
答案: 【
The upper portion of the small intestine
】

8、 问题: The speed of the drug’s elimination determines the: （ ）
选项：
A:Speed of onset
B:Duration of action
C:Maximum effect
D:Magnitude of aftereffects
E:Magnitude of adverse reactions
答案: 【
Duration of action
】

9、 问题: At 6 h after IV administration of bolus dose, the plasma level of a drug is 1mg/L. If the V d = 10 L and the elimination half-life = 3 h, what was the dose administered? （ ）
选项：
A:20 mg
B:30 mg
C:36 mg
D:40 mg
E:108 mg
答案: 【
40 mg
】

10、 问题: Concerning the renal excretion of drugs: （ ）
选项：
A:Drugs that are ionized in the renal tubule are more likely to undergo passive reabsorption than those that are unionized
B:Low-molecular-weight drugs are much more likely to be actively secreted than filtered.
C:Only drug that is not bound to plasma proteins (i.e., free drug) is filtered by the glomerulus.
D:Decreasing renal tubular fluid pH will increase elimination of weakly acidic drugs.
E:Decreasing renal tubular fluid pH will decrease elimination of weakly basic drugs.
答案: 【
Only drug that is not bound to plasma proteins (i.e., free drug) is filtered by the glomerulus.
】

11、 问题: For weakly acidic drugs: （ ）
选项：
A:The urine PH is reduced, the drug dissociation is small, the reabsorption is less, and the excretion is slowed down
B:Reduce urine PH, the drug dissociation degree is large, reabsorption is more, excretion is faster
C:The urine PH increases, the drug dissociation degree is small, reabsorption is more, and excretion is slowed down
D:Increase the urine PH, the drug dissociation degree is large, reabsorption is less, excretion is faster
E:There are no regular changes and effects on renal excretion
答案: 【
Increase the urine PH, the drug dissociation degree is large, reabsorption is less, excretion is faster
】

12、 问题: Frequently it is useful to consider the overall exposure of a person to a drug during the dosing interval. Which of the following pharmacokinetic parameters defines the exposure of a person to a drug? （ ）
选项：
A:Cmax
B:Tmax
C:AUC (area under the curve)
D:Half-life
E:Clearance
答案: 【
AUC (area under the curve)
】

13、 问题: A clinician must be concerned with the amount of a drug dose that reaches the systemic circulation, since this will affect the plasma concentration and therapeutic effects observed. The fraction of a dose reaching the systemic circulation as unchanged drug (i.e. intact) is defined as: （ ）
选项：
A:Theoretical dose
B:Cmax
C:Bioavailability
D:Ideal dose
E:Loading dose
答案: 【
Bioavailability
】

14、 问题: The characteristics of active transport are: （ ）
选项：
A:Carried out by the carrier, consumes energy
B:Carried out by the carrier, does not consume energy
C:No energy consumption, no competitive inhibition
D:energy consumption, no selectivity
E:Non-selective, competitive inhibition
答案: 【
Carried out by the carrier, consumes energy
】

15、 问题: An agent is noted to have a very low calculated volume of distribution(Vd). Which of the following is the best explanation? （ ）
选项：
A:The agent is eliminated by the kidneys, and the patient has renal insufficiency.
B:The agent is metabolized by the liver, and the patient has liver insufficiency.
C:The agent is extensively sequestered in tissue.
D:The agent is eliminated by zero-order kinetics.
E:The agent is extensively bound to plasma proteins.
答案: 【
The agent is extensively bound to plasma proteins.
】

16、 问题: If a drug is known to be distributed into total body water, what dose (mg) is needed to obtain an initial plasma level of 10 mg/L in a patient weighing 70 kg? （ ）
选项：
A:420
B:300
C:220
D:100
E:700
答案: 【
420
】

17、 问题:Receptors are macromolecules that （ ）
选项：
A:Are designed to attract drugs
B:Are resistant to antagonists
C:Exist as targets for physiological neurotransmitters and hormones
D:Are only on the outer surface of cells
E:Are only inside of cells
答案: 【
Exist as targets for physiological neurotransmitters and hormones
】

18、 问题: When the dose-effect curve of a drug is parallel to the right due to the influence of some factors, it indicates: （ ）
选项：
A:Change of action point
B:Changes in the mechanism of action
C:Change of action nature
D:Maximum effect change
E:Change of action strength
答案: 【
Change of action strength
】

19、 问题: Aftereffect refers to: （ ）
选项：
A:Biological effects caused by large fluctuations in blood concentrations
B:The effect is easy to recover for most people
C:Reactions that may occur only in a very small number of people
D:Reactions occur during medication that are not related to the therapeutic purpose
E:Effects when blood concentrations are below threshold concentrations
答案: 【
Effects when blood concentrations are below threshold concentrations
】

20、 问题: The decrease in the body’s sensitivity to the drug after continuous administration is called: （ ）
选项：
A:Tolerance
B:Drug resistance
C:Medication compliance
D:Addiction
E:Bounce phenomenon
答案: 【
Tolerance
】

21、 问题: Under which dosage that a drug’s adverse reaction is called its side effect? （ ）
选项：
A:therapeutic dose
B:ineffective dose
C:maximum dose
D:LD50
E:toxic dose
答案: 【
therapeutic dose
】

22、 问题:

6 .Prior to clinical trials in patients with heart failure, an animal study was carried out to compare two new positive inotropic drugs (  ) to a current standard agent (  ). The results of cardiac output measurements are shown in the graph below. Which of the following statements is correct? （ ）

选项：
A:Drug A is most effective
B:Drug B is least potent
C:Drug C is most potent
D:Drug A is more potent than drug B and more effective than drug C
E:Drug B is more potent than drug C and more effective than drug A
答案: 【
Drug B is more potent than drug C and more effective than drug A
】

23、 问题: A receptor agonist usually （ ）
选项：
A:has no affinity.
B:has no intrinsic activity.
C:has affinity but has no intrinsic activity.
D:has intrinsic activity but has no affinity.
E:has both affinity and intrinsic activity.
答案: 【
has both affinity and intrinsic activity.
】

24、 问题:The therapeutic index is: （ ）
选项：
A:better therapeutically, at a value of 2 than at 10
B:determined from graded dose-response curves
C:the median lethal dose divided by the median-response dose
D:used to determine the relative potency of two drugs
E:the 50% cytotoxity concentration divided by the 50% effective concentration
答案: 【
the median lethal dose divided by the median-response dose
】

25、 问题: Competitive antagonists have the following characteristics: （ ）
选项：
A:can produce physiological effects in itself
B:Agonists can still produce effects when the dose is increased
C:Can inhibit the maximum efficacy of agonists
D:Shift the agonist dose-response curve parallel to the right
E:itself can produce some physiological effects
答案: 【
Agonists can still produce effects when the dose is increased
Shift the agonist dose-response curve parallel to the right
】

第二章 单元测试

1、 问题: Which one of the following effects is caused by the ingestion of mushrooms that contain pilocarpine?（ ）
选项：
A:Tachycardia
B:Bronchodilation
C:Diarrhea
D:Hypertension
E:Hyperthermia
答案: 【
Diarrhea
】

2、 问题: Choline ester most susceptible to hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase:（ ）
选项：
A:carbachol
B:acetylcholine
C:methacholine
D:pilocarpine
E:bethanechol
答案: 【
acetylcholine
】

3、 问题: Which one is NOT belong to the drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system?（ ）
选项：
A:Phenylephrine
B:Isoprenaline
C:Phentolamine
D:Pilocarpine
E:Diazepam
答案: 【
Diazepam
】

4、 问题: All of the following statements concerning the autonomic nervous system are true EXCEPT for which one?（ ）
选项：
A:The ANS is composed entirely of efferent neurons
B:The sympathetic division is activated in response to stressful situations
C:The parasympathetic division originates from cell bodies in CNS
D:The control of blood pressure is mainly a sympathetic activity
E:The parasympathetic nervous system is not required for life
答案: 【
The parasympathetic nervous system is not required for life
】

5、 问题: Which kind of drugs can affect the afferent nervous system?（ ）
选项：
A:Cholinoceptor activating drugs
B:Local anesthetics
C:Cholinergic antagonists
D:Adrenergic agonists
E:Adrenergic antagonists
答案: 【
Local anesthetics
】

6、 问题: Which one refers to the viscera receiving both division of ANS (sympathetic/parasympathetic) with antagonistic or cooperative effects while having opposing outcomes? （ ）
选项：
A:Efferent
B:Adrenergic
C:Dual Innervation
D:Afferent
E:Cholinergic
答案: 【
Dual Innervation
】

7、 问题: Which one is NOT belong to indirect-acting drugs of ANS?（ ）
选项：
A:Hemicholinium
B:Black widow spider venom
C:Botulinum toxin
D:Neostigmine
E:Pilocarpine
答案: 【
Pilocarpine
】

8、 问题: A patient with an acute attack of glaucoma is treated with pilocarpine. The primary reason for its effectiveness in this condition is its:（ ）
选项：
A:Action to terminate acetylcholinesterase
B:Selectivity for nicotinic receptors
C:Ability to inhibit secretions, such as tears, saliva, and sweat
D:Ability to lower intraocular pressure
E:Inability to enter the brain
答案: 【
Ability to lower intraocular pressure
】

9、 问题: Why is Bethanechol used to treat urinary retention and abdominal distention?（ ）
选项：
A:It lacks nicotinic actions but does have strong muscarinic activity
B:The direct-acting agonists show little specificity in their actions
C:It is not hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase, and has longer duration
D:Can penetrate cell membranes easily
E:both muscarinic and nicotinic activity
答案: 【
It lacks nicotinic actions but does have strong muscarinic activity
】

10、 问题: The parasympathetic division has a __ postganglionic neuron. (referring to length) （ ）
选项：
A:Ganglia
B:Long
C:Somatic
D:Short
E:Cholinergic
答案: 【
Short
】

11、 问题: Neostigmine differs from pilocarpine in having effects on （ ）
选项：
A:bladder tone
B:bowel motility
C:heart rate
D:salivary glands
E:skeletal muscle
答案: 【
skeletal muscle
】

12、 问题: Neostigmine will NOT effectively antagonize skeletal muscle relaxation produced by（ ）
选项：
A:Pancuronium
B:Succinylcholine
C:Atracurium
D:d-tubocurarine
E:Nicotine
答案: 【
Succinylcholine
】

13、 问题: The reversible cholinesterase inhibitor indicated in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease is（ ）
选项：
A:Tacrine
B:Edrophonium
C:Neostigmine
D:Pyridostigmine
E:Ambenonium
答案: 【
Tacrine
】

14、 问题: The cholinesterase inhibitor that is used in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis is（ ）
选项：
A:Edrophonium chloride
B:Ambenonium chloride
C:Malathion
D:Physostigmine salicylate
E:Pyridostigmine bromide
答案: 【
Edrophonium chloride
】

15、 问题: Neostigmine will effectively antagonize skeletal muscle relaxation produced by（ ）
选项：
A:Pancuronium
B:Succinylcholine
C:Diazepam
D:Baclofen
E:Nicotine
答案: 【
Pancuronium
】

16、 问题: Neostigmine（ ）
选项：
A:Is contraindicated in glaucoma
B:Has a shorter duration then edrophonium?
C:Decreases the Ach concentration at the neuromuscular junction
D:May result in bowel hypermotility, salivation and sweating
E:Exacerbates tubocurarine poisoning
答案: 【
May result in bowel hypermotility, salivation and sweating
】

17、 问题: Which on is INCORRECTLY matches a cholinergic agonist?（ ）
选项：
A:Bethanechol: stimulates atonic bladder
B:Carbachol: induces release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla
C:Acetylcholine: decreases heart rate and cardiac output
D:Pilocarpine: reduces IOP
E:Physostigmine: decreases intestinal motility
答案: 【
Physostigmine: decreases intestinal motility
】

18、 问题: Which of the following is NOT an expected symptom of Neostigmine?（ ）
选项：
A:Paralysis of skeletal muscle
B:Increased bronchial secretion
C:Miosis
D:Tachycardia
E:Convulsions
答案: 【
Tachycardia
】

19、 问题: A soldier’s unit has come under attack with a nerve agent. The symptoms exhibited are skeletal muscle paralysis, profuse bronchial secretions, miosis, bradycardia, and convulsions. The alarm indicates exposure to an organophosphate. What is the correct treatment?（ ）
选项：
A:Do nothing until you can confirm the nature of the nerve agent
B:Administer atropine, and attempt to confirm the nature of the nerve agent
C:Administer atropine and 2-PAM (pralidoxime)
D:Administer 2-PAM
E:Succinylcholine
答案: 【
Administer atropine and 2-PAM (pralidoxime)
】

20、 问题: A patient being diagnosed for myasthenia gravis would be expected to have improved neuromuscular function after being treated with: （ ）
选项：
A:Donepezil
B:Edrophonium
C:Atropine
D:Echothiopate
E:Neostigmine
答案: 【
Neostigmine
】

21、 问题: In which of the following conditions atropine can most likely be contraindicated（ ）
选项：
A:Glaucoma
B:Intestinal spasm
C:Infective shock
D:Iridocyclitis
E:All of above
答案: 【
Glaucoma
】

22、 问题: Ganglion blocking agents are of little clinical value today but they are important drugs to know for solving cardiovascular drug problems because they can block（ ）
选项：
A:all muscarinic receptors
B:all nicotinic receptors
C:all autonomic reflexes
D:the direct actions of drugs on blood vessels
E:the direct actions of drugs on the heart
答案: 【
all autonomic reflexes
】

23、 问题: Which one can be used to control the toxicity effects after eating poisonous mushroom? （ ）
选项：
A:Atropine
B:Neostigmine
C:Carbachol
D:Acetylcholine
E:Pilocarpine
答案: 【
Atropine
】

24、 问题: Which one of the following drugs most closely resembles atropine in its pharmacologic effects?（ ）
选项：
A:Scopolamine
B:Tubocurarine
C:Physostigmine
D:Acetycholine
E:Carbachol
答案: 【
Scopolamine
】

25、 问题: Applied to the skin in a transdermal patch (transdermal therapeutic delivery system), this drug is used to prevent or reduce the occurrence of nausea and vomiting that are associated with motion sickness.（ ）
选项：
A:Diphenhydramine
B:Chlorpromazine
C:Ondansetron
D:Dimenhydrinate
E:Scopolamine
答案: 【
Scopolamine
】

26、 问题: Which of the following is NOT a side effect of the cholinoreceptor blocker? （ ）
选项：
A:Increased pulse
B:Urinary retention
C:Constipation
D:Mydriasis
E:Tachycardia
答案: 【
Increased pulse
】

27、 问题: The skeletal muscles that are most sensitive to the action of tubocurarine are the（ ）
选项：
A:Muscles of the trunk
B:Muscles of the arms and legs
C:Respiratory muscles
D:Muscles of the head, neck, and face
E:Abdominal muscles
答案: 【
Muscles of the head, neck, and face
】

28、 问题: A male patient is brought to the emergency department (ED) following ingestion of an unknown substance. He is found to have an elevated temperature, hot and flushed skin, dilated pupils, and tachycardia. Of the following, which would most likely cause these findings?（ ）
选项：
A:Propranolol
B:Methylphenidate
C:Prazosin
D:Guanethidine
E:Atropine
答案: 【
Atropine
】

29、 问题: Of the following, which will NOT be blocked by atropine and scopolamine?（ ）
选项：
A:Bradycardia
B:Salivary secretion
C:Bronchoconstriction
D:Skeletal muscle contraction
E:Miosis
答案: 【
Skeletal muscle contraction
】

30、 问题: We plan to prescribe scopolamine, as a transdermal drug delivery system, for a patient who will be leaving for an expensive cruise and is very susceptible to motion sickness. What comorbidity would weigh against prescribing the drug because it is most likely to pose adverse effects- or be truly contraindicated?（ ）
选项：
A:Bradycardia
B:Angle-closure glaucoma
C:History of allergic reactions to uncooked shellfish
D:Hypothyroidism
E:Parkinson’s Disease
答案: 【
Angle-closure glaucoma
】

31、 问题: Of the many types of adrenergic receptors found throughout the body, which is most likely responsible for the bronchial dilation that is observed following an intravenous injection of epinephrine?（ ）
选项：
A:β1-adrenergic receptors
B:β2-adrenergic receptors
C:β3-adrenergic receptors
D:α1-adrenergic receptors
E:α2-adrenergic receptors
答案: 【
β2-adrenergic receptors
】

32、 问题: Which one is the major effect of Norepinephrine?（ ）
选项：
A:Decrease in intestinal motility.
B:Inhibition of bronchial secretion.
C:Contraction of sphincter muscle in the iris of the eye (miosis).
D:Constriction of vascular smooth muscles
E:Increase in heart rate
答案: 【
Constriction of vascular smooth muscles
】

33、 问题: A 16-year-old male treated for bronchial asthma develops skeletal muscle tremors. Which of the following agents may be responsible for this finding?（ ）
选项：
A:Ipratropium
B:Zileuton
C:Beclomethasone
D:Cromolyn
E:Salmeterol
答案: 【
Salmeterol
】

34、 问题: The drug of choice for the treatment of anaphylactic shock is（ ）
选项：
A:Histamine
B:Epinephrine
C:Norepinephrine
D:Isoproterenol
E:Diphenhydramine
答案: 【
Epinephrine
】

35、 问题: Epinephrine may be mixed with certain anesthetics, such as procaine, in order to（ ）
选项：
A:Stimulate local wound repair
B:Promote hemostasis
C:Enhance their interaction with neural membranes and their ability to depress nerve conduction
D:Retard their systemic absorption
E:Facilitate their distribution along nerves and fascial planes
答案: 【
Retard their systemic absorption
】

36、 问题: What peripheral effects can dopamine cause at usual therapeutic doses?（ ）
选项：
A:Bronchodilation via airway smooth muscles
B:Direct activation of pressure receptors (baroreceptors) in response to BP changes triggered by other agonists
C:Direct activation of juxtaglomerular apparatus leading to aldosterone release
D:Inhibition the release of epinephrine
E:Regulation of renal blood flow via control renal arterial tone
答案: 【
Regulation of renal blood flow via control renal arterial tone
】

37、 问题: Influx of this ion promotes fusion between axoplasmic membrane and nearby vesicles?（ ）
选项：
A:sodium
B:potassium
C:calcium
D:chloride
E:magnesium
答案: 【
calcium
】

38、 问题: Of the following structures, which does not respond to β-adrenergic receptor stimulation?（ ）
选项：
A:Ciliary muscle of the iris
B:Radial muscle of the iris
C:Bronchial muscle
D:Atrioventricular (AV) node
E:Sinoatrial (SA) node
答案: 【
Radial muscle of the iris
】

39、 问题: Cardiac output improves when dobutamine is given by IV infusion, to 60-year-old man with acute heart failure. What adrenergic receptor-mediated actions of it?（ ）
选项：
A:α-adrenergic agonist
B:α-adrenergic antagonist
C:β-adrenergic agonist
D:β-adrenergic antagonist
E:Mixed α and β agonist
答案: 【
β-adrenergic agonist
】

40、 问题: A patient presents with an anaphylactic reaction following a wasp sting. What is the drugs choice for treating the multiple cardiovascular and pulmonary problems that, if not promptly corrected, could lead to the patient’s death?（ ）
选项：
A:Atropine
B:Diphenhydramine
C:Epinephrine
D:Isoproterenol
E:Norepinephrine
答案: 【
Epinephrine
】

第三章 单元测试

1、 问题: The drug of choice to control status epilepticus: （ ）
选项：
A:triazolam
B:Flazepam
C:Oxazepam
D:Diazepam
E:Chlorazepines
答案: 【
Diazepam
】